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Zahvaljujući novom otkriću, za samo pet godina moglo bi postati moguće stvarati ljudske bebe u laboratoriju. Kako je prenio Daily Mail, istraživači u Japanu na korak su od toga da u laboratoriju od nule stvore ljudska jajašca i spermu, koji bi se potom razvili u umjetnoj maternici.
Profesor Katsuhiko Hayashi, znanstvenik sa Sveučilišta Kyushu, takav proces već je odradio na miševima, a sad vjeruje kako bi iste rezultate u sljedećih pet godina mogao replicirati i kod ljudi.
No tu su i brojna etička pitanja, a jedna od najvećih dvojbi tiče se mogućnosti da bi žene bilo koje dobi u budućnosti mogle imati djecu. Osim toga, roditelji bi pomoću alata za uređivanje gena mogli poželjeti dizajnirati svoje "savršene" potomke koji bi onda imali određene, željene osobine.
Dr. Hayashi i njegov tim nedavno su stvorili sedam miševa s dva muška biološka roditelja, koristeći stanice kože mužjaka miša kako bi formirali održivu jajnu stanicu i potom je oplodili.
Sposobnost proizvodnje ljudske sperme i jajašca po narudžbi u laboratoriju naziva se in vitro gametogeneza (IVG), a izgleda tako da se uzimaju stanice iz krvi ili kože osobe koje se onda reprogramiraju kako bi postale inducirane pluripotentne matične stanice (iPS stanice). Teoretski, te stanice mogu postati bilo koja stanica u tijelu, uključujući jajne stanice i spermije, a zatim bi se mogle koristiti za izradu embrija i implantirati u maternice. Znanstvenici su na ovaj način uspjeli napraviti vrlo jednostavna ljudska jajašca i spermu, ali ne još i embrije, prenosi Jutarnji.hr.
Dr. Hayashi pretpostavlja kako će trebati oko pet godina da se proizvedu stanice nalik ljudskim jajašcima, a još 10 do 20 godina trajat će testiranja prije nego što postupak bude siguran za korištenje u klinikama.
Profesor Henry Greely sa Sveučilišta Stanford procjenjuje kako će istraživačima trebati još pet do deset godina da dođu do pouzdanog dokaza ovoga koncepta, a ispitivanje sigurnosti trajat će još dodatnih desetljeće ili dva.
Godine 2016. japanski istraživači stvorili su matične stanice pomoću osam tjedana starih miševa, birajući one kojima je iz nekog razloga ispao Y kromosom. Zatim su manipulirali stanicama kopirajući preostali X kromosom i kreirajući stanicu s dva X gena - što bi se obično smatralo ženskom stanicom. Pretvorili su te stanice u jajašca i upotrijebili spermu muških miševa da ih oplode u laboratoriju.
Dr. Hayashi je za New Scientist rekao da vjeruje kako se sad otvaraju vrata za djecu koja se rađaju od dva oca.
- U smislu tehnologije, to će kod ljudi biti moguće za 10 godina - zaključio je.
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Zahvaljujući novom otkriću, za samo pet godina moglo bi postati moguće stvarati ljudske bebe u laboratoriju. Kako je prenio Daily Mail, istraživači u Japanu na korak su od toga da u laboratoriju od nule stvore ljudska jajašca i spermu, koji bi se potom razvili u umjetnoj maternici.
Profesor Katsuhiko Hayashi, znanstvenik sa Sveučilišta Kyushu, takav proces već je odradio na miševima, a sad vjeruje kako bi iste rezultate u sljedećih pet godina mogao replicirati i kod ljudi.
No tu su i brojna etička pitanja, a jedna od najvećih dvojbi tiče se mogućnosti da bi žene bilo koje dobi u budućnosti mogle imati djecu. Osim toga, roditelji bi pomoću alata za uređivanje gena mogli poželjeti dizajnirati svoje "savršene" potomke koji bi onda imali određene, željene osobine.
Dr. Hayashi i njegov tim nedavno su stvorili sedam miševa s dva muška biološka roditelja, koristeći stanice kože mužjaka miša kako bi formirali održivu jajnu stanicu i potom je oplodili.
Sposobnost proizvodnje ljudske sperme i jajašca po narudžbi u laboratoriju naziva se in vitro gametogeneza (IVG), a izgleda tako da se uzimaju stanice iz krvi ili kože osobe koje se onda reprogramiraju kako bi postale inducirane pluripotentne matične stanice (iPS stanice). Teoretski, te stanice mogu postati bilo koja stanica u tijelu, uključujući jajne stanice i spermije, a zatim bi se mogle koristiti za izradu embrija i implantirati u maternice. Znanstvenici su na ovaj način uspjeli napraviti vrlo jednostavna ljudska jajašca i spermu, ali ne još i embrije, prenosi Jutarnji.hr.
Dr. Hayashi pretpostavlja kako će trebati oko pet godina da se proizvedu stanice nalik ljudskim jajašcima, a još 10 do 20 godina trajat će testiranja prije nego što postupak bude siguran za korištenje u klinikama.
Profesor Henry Greely sa Sveučilišta Stanford procjenjuje kako će istraživačima trebati još pet do deset godina da dođu do pouzdanog dokaza ovoga koncepta, a ispitivanje sigurnosti trajat će još dodatnih desetljeće ili dva.
Godine 2016. japanski istraživači stvorili su matične stanice pomoću osam tjedana starih miševa, birajući one kojima je iz nekog razloga ispao Y kromosom. Zatim su manipulirali stanicama kopirajući preostali X kromosom i kreirajući stanicu s dva X gena - što bi se obično smatralo ženskom stanicom. Pretvorili su te stanice u jajašca i upotrijebili spermu muških miševa da ih oplode u laboratoriju.
Dr. Hayashi je za New Scientist rekao da vjeruje kako se sad otvaraju vrata za djecu koja se rađaju od dva oca.
- U smislu tehnologije, to će kod ljudi biti moguće za 10 godina - zaključio je.
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12. svibanj 2024 20:47
