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[title] => ETA se prije deset godina odrekla oružja, ali rane u Baskiji i ostatku Španjolske još uvijek nisu zacijelile
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Deset godina nakon što se baskijska separatistička skupina ETA odrekla oružja, ta sjeverna španjolska regija još uvijek nastoji okrenuti stranicu desetljeća krvoprolića.
Trojica maskiranih čelnika ETA-e u video snimci objavljenoj 20. listopada 2011. proglasili su da je skupina, koju EU smatra terorističkom, „odlučila definitivno prekinuti oružane aktivnosti”.
„Vrijeme je da se u budućnost gleda s nadom. Također je vrijeme da se djeluje odgovorno i hrabro”.
To je bio kraj posljednje oružane pobune u zapadnoj Europi.
„Nakon deset godina, ostvarili smo napredak... ali još postoje rane koje nisu zacijelile”, ocijenio je Inigo Urkullo iz umjerene baskijske nacionalističke stranke PNV.
Osnovanu 1959. na vrhuncu diktature Francisca Franca koji je gušio baskijsku kulturu i jezik, ETA-u optužuje se da je ubila više od 850 ljudi u borbi za neovisnu Baskiju na sjeveru Španjolske i jugozapadu Francuske.
Njezina odluka da položi oružje bila je „velika prekretnica” za baskijski separatistički pokret, rekao je politolog Rafael Leonisio Calvo, autor knjige o ETA-i.
„To je bilo iznenađenje, osobito s obzirom na to da se radilo o jednostranoj odluci bez nagodbi... ali je zapravo bila rezultat dugog procesa”, rekao je za AFP.
Oslabljeni uhićenjima
Nekoliko tjedana prije objave odluke, održani su tajni pregovori između čelnika ETA-e i španjolske vlade preko posrednika.
Okvir za pregovore dogovoren je s tadašnjim socijalističkim premijerom Joseom Luisom Rodriguezom Zapaterom, rekao je jedan od bivših vođa ETA-e Josu Urrutikoetxea, za AFP u nedavnom intervjuu.
Pregovori su rezultirali međunarodnom mirovnom konferencijom u listopadu 2011. u San Sebastianu gdje je ETA pozvana da prekine oružanu borbu u cilju „promicanja pomirbe”.
U to vrijeme ETA je bila jako oslabljena uhićenjima svojih visokih vođa i zapljenama oružja.
Pod pritiskom baskijskog javnog mijenja i političko krilo ETA-e nagovaralo je oružanu skupinu da „promijeni strategiju” i odrekne se nasilja, rekao je Eguzki Urteaga, sociolog s Baskijskog sveučilišta.
„Tijekom Francove ere, ETA je za dio stanovništva koje se protivilo režimu bila na neki način svetinja”, rekao je.
„Ali ideja da se odbaci oružana borba nije prestala rasti, osobito nakon 1995. kada je ETA odlučila proširiti svoje mete na pripadnike civilnog društva”.
Slijepa ulica
To misli i Calvo, koji je rekao da je ETA tada bila u ”slijepoj ulici”.
„Ankete su pokazale da je čak i među separatističkim biračima potpora ETA-i značajno pala i postala manjinska”, dodao je.
ETA je nastavila preobrazbu nakon što je objavila da se odrekla nasilja. U travnju 2017. predala je svo oružje, a iduće godine ispričala se žrtvama, a zatim se i formalno raspustila.
Ipak, ljutnja ostaje.
Organizacije žrtava osuđuju slavlja koja su priredili pripadnici ETA-e po oslobađanju iz zatvora i ističu da još nije riješeno oko 300 ETA-ih ubojstava.
S druge strane, članovi obitelji zatočenih pripadnika ETA-e tuže se da su mnogi još uvijek u zatvorima daleko od Baskije.
Prosvjed planiran za rujan kako bi se zatražilo puštanje na slobodu člana ETA-e Henrija Parota, koji služi dugu zatvorsku kaznu zbog svoje uloge u 39 ubojstava, otkazan je nakon što je potaknuo protuprosvjede.
Arnaldo Otegi, vođa krajnje lijeve baskijske separatističke stranke EH Bildu, koju se smatra nasljednikom bivšeg političkog krila ETA-e, u ponedjeljak se ispričao zbog „patnje” koju su pretrpjele ETA-ine žrtve.
„To se nikada nije smjelo dogoditi”, rekao je u pokušaju jačanja pomirbe.
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Deset godina nakon što se baskijska separatistička skupina ETA odrekla oružja, ta sjeverna španjolska regija još uvijek nastoji okrenuti stranicu desetljeća krvoprolića.
Trojica maskiranih čelnika ETA-e u video snimci objavljenoj 20. listopada 2011. proglasili su da je skupina, koju EU smatra terorističkom, „odlučila definitivno prekinuti oružane aktivnosti”.
„Vrijeme je da se u budućnost gleda s nadom. Također je vrijeme da se djeluje odgovorno i hrabro”.
To je bio kraj posljednje oružane pobune u zapadnoj Europi.
„Nakon deset godina, ostvarili smo napredak... ali još postoje rane koje nisu zacijelile”, ocijenio je Inigo Urkullo iz umjerene baskijske nacionalističke stranke PNV.
Osnovanu 1959. na vrhuncu diktature Francisca Franca koji je gušio baskijsku kulturu i jezik, ETA-u optužuje se da je ubila više od 850 ljudi u borbi za neovisnu Baskiju na sjeveru Španjolske i jugozapadu Francuske.
Njezina odluka da položi oružje bila je „velika prekretnica” za baskijski separatistički pokret, rekao je politolog Rafael Leonisio Calvo, autor knjige o ETA-i.
„To je bilo iznenađenje, osobito s obzirom na to da se radilo o jednostranoj odluci bez nagodbi... ali je zapravo bila rezultat dugog procesa”, rekao je za AFP.
Oslabljeni uhićenjima
Nekoliko tjedana prije objave odluke, održani su tajni pregovori između čelnika ETA-e i španjolske vlade preko posrednika.
Okvir za pregovore dogovoren je s tadašnjim socijalističkim premijerom Joseom Luisom Rodriguezom Zapaterom, rekao je jedan od bivših vođa ETA-e Josu Urrutikoetxea, za AFP u nedavnom intervjuu.
Pregovori su rezultirali međunarodnom mirovnom konferencijom u listopadu 2011. u San Sebastianu gdje je ETA pozvana da prekine oružanu borbu u cilju „promicanja pomirbe”.
U to vrijeme ETA je bila jako oslabljena uhićenjima svojih visokih vođa i zapljenama oružja.
Pod pritiskom baskijskog javnog mijenja i političko krilo ETA-e nagovaralo je oružanu skupinu da „promijeni strategiju” i odrekne se nasilja, rekao je Eguzki Urteaga, sociolog s Baskijskog sveučilišta.
„Tijekom Francove ere, ETA je za dio stanovništva koje se protivilo režimu bila na neki način svetinja”, rekao je.
„Ali ideja da se odbaci oružana borba nije prestala rasti, osobito nakon 1995. kada je ETA odlučila proširiti svoje mete na pripadnike civilnog društva”.
Slijepa ulica
To misli i Calvo, koji je rekao da je ETA tada bila u ”slijepoj ulici”.
„Ankete su pokazale da je čak i među separatističkim biračima potpora ETA-i značajno pala i postala manjinska”, dodao je.
ETA je nastavila preobrazbu nakon što je objavila da se odrekla nasilja. U travnju 2017. predala je svo oružje, a iduće godine ispričala se žrtvama, a zatim se i formalno raspustila.
Ipak, ljutnja ostaje.
Organizacije žrtava osuđuju slavlja koja su priredili pripadnici ETA-e po oslobađanju iz zatvora i ističu da još nije riješeno oko 300 ETA-ih ubojstava.
S druge strane, članovi obitelji zatočenih pripadnika ETA-e tuže se da su mnogi još uvijek u zatvorima daleko od Baskije.
Prosvjed planiran za rujan kako bi se zatražilo puštanje na slobodu člana ETA-e Henrija Parota, koji služi dugu zatvorsku kaznu zbog svoje uloge u 39 ubojstava, otkazan je nakon što je potaknuo protuprosvjede.
Arnaldo Otegi, vođa krajnje lijeve baskijske separatističke stranke EH Bildu, koju se smatra nasljednikom bivšeg političkog krila ETA-e, u ponedjeljak se ispričao zbog „patnje” koju su pretrpjele ETA-ine žrtve.
„To se nikada nije smjelo dogoditi”, rekao je u pokušaju jačanja pomirbe.
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14. svibanj 2024 23:52
