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Bram Stoker, tvorac Drakule, fiktivno je povezao besmrtne vampire i šišmiše, no u jednome je možda bio u pravu. Genetičarka Emma Teeling, koja proučava iznimnu dugovječnost šišmiša u nadi da će od toga koristi imati i ljudi vjeruje da je "možda sve u krvi".
Teeling je znanstvenica sa sveučilišta u Dublinu koja s organizacijom za zaštitu prirode Bretagne Vivante proučava šišmiše koji obitavaju u seoskim školama i crkvama u Bretanji.
Ne samo da šišmiši žive dulje od životinja svoje veličine, oni puno dulje ostaju zdravi pa im ni patogeni poput ebole ili koronavirusa ne mogu ništa.
Teeling je uvjerena da ključ otkrića za dulji i zdraviji život ljudi leži u proučavanju šišmiša.
Usporavanje starenja
U prirodi postoj tipičan obrazac, gotovo zakon - mala stvorenja žive jako brzo i umiru mlada što je posljedica njihova brzog metabolizma.
Šišimiši su kategorija za sebe, oni su neki od najmanjih sisavaca, ali mogu živjeti iznimno dugo. Čini se da su razvili mehanizam koji usporava starenje.
Nije to vječna mladost jer sve umire i starenje vas uvijek sustigne, ali šišmišima se to događa mnogo sporije i usto dugo ostaju zdravi.
Zamislite stogodišnjaka koji je potpuno zdrav sve do zadnjih par tjedana života. To je ono što mi ljudi želimo, a šišmiši imaju, kaže Teeling te dodaje da nitko ne zna što se događa sa šišmišima dok stare.
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Jedini način kojim donekle možete procijeniti starost šišmiša su njihovi prsti. Ako im se zglobovi još nisu stopili, u pitanju je beba. U suprotnom se radi o odraslom šišmišu.
Od 2010. udruga Bretagne Vivante tek rođenim šišmišima ugrađuje mikročipove pod kožu.
"Svake se godine vraćamo u njihova legla pa ulovimo cijelu koloniju, uzmemo im malo krvi i potom u mojem laboratoriju u Irskoj tražimo biomarkere starenja", pripovijeda Teeling.
Šišmiši ne bi završili na respiratoru
Ona ondje proučava njihove telomere, završetke kromosoma koji služe kao stanična zaštitna kapa. Svaki put kad se stanica replicira, telomeri postaju kraći.
Kad postanu stvarno kratki, stanica odumire, a to je znak starenja. No šišmišima se telomeri s godinama ne skraćuju. Te životinjice mogu zaštititi svoju DNK.
"Sekvencionirali smo gene mladih, sredovječnih i starijih šišimiša i otkriće je bilo nevjerojatno - njihova sposobnost da repariraju svoju DNK, odnosno ispravljaju štetu koju život uzrokuje, povećava se s godinama. U ljudi je suprotno", objašnjava znanstvenica.
I ne samo to, šišmiši ne poznaju artritis i razne upale poput ljudi, što znači da mogu modulirati svoj imunosni odgovor, balansirajući između antivirusnog i protuupalnog odgovora.
---
---
Poznato je da u slučaju covida-19 pacijenta ubija pretjeran imunosni odgovor, takozvana citokinska oluja, pa čovjek s imunosnim profilom šišmiša ne bi završio na respiratoru, slikovito pojašnjava Teeling.
Isti geni
Ljudi dijele iste gene kao i šišmiši, uz nekoliko manjih poboljšanja i modifikacija.
"Zamislite kad bismo otkrili taj mali gen koji kontrolira te efekte, mogli bismo ga pretvoriti u lijek koji bi to oponašao u ljudi", rekla je.
U uobičajenim bi okolnostima to bilo dugo istraživanje, ali sada se sve ubrzalo. "Ljudi su uistinu zainteresirani za traženje odgovora u šišmišima".
"Mi smo sekvencionirali genom, to je bio prvi korak, i sada radimo s laboratorijima diljem svijeta koji razvijaju potrebne stanične alate za istraživanje", rekla je.
Moramo biti uporni i vjerovati da je otkriće moguće, zaključila je Teeling.
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[cleanTitle] => Koronavirus im ne može ništa, žive dulje od ostalih sisavaca... Kriju li šišmiši tajnu dugovječnosti i kako je primijeniti na ljude?
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Bram Stoker, tvorac Drakule, fiktivno je povezao besmrtne vampire i šišmiše, no u jednome je možda bio u pravu. Genetičarka Emma Teeling, koja proučava iznimnu dugovječnost šišmiša u nadi da će od toga koristi imati i ljudi vjeruje da je "možda sve u krvi".
Teeling je znanstvenica sa sveučilišta u Dublinu koja s organizacijom za zaštitu prirode Bretagne Vivante proučava šišmiše koji obitavaju u seoskim školama i crkvama u Bretanji.
Ne samo da šišmiši žive dulje od životinja svoje veličine, oni puno dulje ostaju zdravi pa im ni patogeni poput ebole ili koronavirusa ne mogu ništa.
Teeling je uvjerena da ključ otkrića za dulji i zdraviji život ljudi leži u proučavanju šišmiša.
Usporavanje starenja
U prirodi postoj tipičan obrazac, gotovo zakon - mala stvorenja žive jako brzo i umiru mlada što je posljedica njihova brzog metabolizma.
Šišimiši su kategorija za sebe, oni su neki od najmanjih sisavaca, ali mogu živjeti iznimno dugo. Čini se da su razvili mehanizam koji usporava starenje.
Nije to vječna mladost jer sve umire i starenje vas uvijek sustigne, ali šišmišima se to događa mnogo sporije i usto dugo ostaju zdravi.
Zamislite stogodišnjaka koji je potpuno zdrav sve do zadnjih par tjedana života. To je ono što mi ljudi želimo, a šišmiši imaju, kaže Teeling te dodaje da nitko ne zna što se događa sa šišmišima dok stare.
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---
Jedini način kojim donekle možete procijeniti starost šišmiša su njihovi prsti. Ako im se zglobovi još nisu stopili, u pitanju je beba. U suprotnom se radi o odraslom šišmišu.
Od 2010. udruga Bretagne Vivante tek rođenim šišmišima ugrađuje mikročipove pod kožu.
"Svake se godine vraćamo u njihova legla pa ulovimo cijelu koloniju, uzmemo im malo krvi i potom u mojem laboratoriju u Irskoj tražimo biomarkere starenja", pripovijeda Teeling.
Šišmiši ne bi završili na respiratoru
Ona ondje proučava njihove telomere, završetke kromosoma koji služe kao stanična zaštitna kapa. Svaki put kad se stanica replicira, telomeri postaju kraći.
Kad postanu stvarno kratki, stanica odumire, a to je znak starenja. No šišmišima se telomeri s godinama ne skraćuju. Te životinjice mogu zaštititi svoju DNK.
"Sekvencionirali smo gene mladih, sredovječnih i starijih šišimiša i otkriće je bilo nevjerojatno - njihova sposobnost da repariraju svoju DNK, odnosno ispravljaju štetu koju život uzrokuje, povećava se s godinama. U ljudi je suprotno", objašnjava znanstvenica.
I ne samo to, šišmiši ne poznaju artritis i razne upale poput ljudi, što znači da mogu modulirati svoj imunosni odgovor, balansirajući između antivirusnog i protuupalnog odgovora.
---
---
Poznato je da u slučaju covida-19 pacijenta ubija pretjeran imunosni odgovor, takozvana citokinska oluja, pa čovjek s imunosnim profilom šišmiša ne bi završio na respiratoru, slikovito pojašnjava Teeling.
Isti geni
Ljudi dijele iste gene kao i šišmiši, uz nekoliko manjih poboljšanja i modifikacija.
"Zamislite kad bismo otkrili taj mali gen koji kontrolira te efekte, mogli bismo ga pretvoriti u lijek koji bi to oponašao u ljudi", rekla je.
U uobičajenim bi okolnostima to bilo dugo istraživanje, ali sada se sve ubrzalo. "Ljudi su uistinu zainteresirani za traženje odgovora u šišmišima".
"Mi smo sekvencionirali genom, to je bio prvi korak, i sada radimo s laboratorijima diljem svijeta koji razvijaju potrebne stanične alate za istraživanje", rekla je.
Moramo biti uporni i vjerovati da je otkriće moguće, zaključila je Teeling.
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13. svibanj 2024 04:26
