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[title] => Istraživanje Centra Champalimaud otkriva kako mirisi evociraju prošlost: imaju moć da nas transportiraju kroz vrijeme i prostor
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Moglo bi se dogoditi da osjetimo slatki miris jasmina, ili miris soli i algi i, odjednom, nađemo se u prošlosti i vratimo se s uspomenom u domu iz djetinjstva, ili pod suncem daleke plaže.
Čini se da je ta povezanost između mirisa i mjesta aspekt duboko ukorijenjen u ljudskoj svijest . Ali kako su mirisi i mjesta u mozgu povezani?
Studija Centra Champalimaud u Portugalu, objavljena u znanstvenom časopisu Nature, predstavlja potencijalno objašnjenje, piše RAI.
- Životinje u prirodi koriste mirise za prostornu navigaciju i pamćenje: omogućuju im da pronađu vrijedne resurse kao što je hrana, objašnjava Cindy Poo, voditeljica studije.
- Željeli smo razumjeti neuralnu osnovu tih ponašanja, pa smo odlučili proučiti kako mozak kombinira mirisne i prostorne informacije, dodaje.
- Mirisni sustav jedinstven je među osjetilima, kaže Zachary Mainen, viši autor studije i dodaje: To je jedini osjećaj, zapravo, imati "izravne recipročne veze s hipokampalnim sustavom, koji je uključen u memoriju i navigaciju".
---
---
Hipokampalni neuroni poznati su po funkcioniranju kao "stanice mjesta": svaka postaje aktivna na određenom mjestu unutar okruženja i zajedno mogu kodirati cijelo područje, stvarajući neuronsku kartu prostora.
Kako bi testirali ovu ideju, istraživači su razvili lov na blago prilagođen miševima, životinjama s visoko razvijenim mirisom. Glodavci su "morali naučiti i zapamtiti točne asocijacije mirisa i mjesta" kako bi pronašli nagradu, objašnjava Cindy Poo. "Rezultati su nadmašili naša očekivanja".
Istraživači su otkrili veliku populaciju neurona od kojih svaki postaje aktivan na određenom mjestu u labirintu. Karta uma koju su stvorili glodavci, zapravo, nije pokrivala cijeli okoliš na isti način: bila je prilično ograničena na zanimljive točke labirinta: gdje su životinje mirisale i primale nagrade.
- Otkrili smo da su neki neuroni reagirali na miris, drugi na lokaciju, a treći na obje vrste informacija na različitim razinama. Svi ovi različiti neuroni su pomiješani zajedno i vjerojatno su međusobno povezani. Stoga se može pretpostaviti da se aktiviranjem mirisnih svemirskih asocijacija može odvijati kroz aktivnosti unutar ove mreže, objašnjava Cindy Poo. Tako dolazimo do stvaranja uspomena koje povezuju određene mirise s određenim mjestima, piše RAI.
- Ova studija također otvara novi prozor za razumijevanje kako se osjetila koriste za navigaciju i pamćenje, dodaje Zachary Mainen.
- Ljudi se više oslanjaju na vizualne znamenitosti nego na mirise, ali načela o tome kako se sjećamo gdje smo bili (memorija) i kako dolazimo do mjesta na koje idemo (navigacija) vjerojatno će biti vrlo slična, zaključuje.
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Moglo bi se dogoditi da osjetimo slatki miris jasmina, ili miris soli i algi i, odjednom, nađemo se u prošlosti i vratimo se s uspomenom u domu iz djetinjstva, ili pod suncem daleke plaže.
Čini se da je ta povezanost između mirisa i mjesta aspekt duboko ukorijenjen u ljudskoj svijest . Ali kako su mirisi i mjesta u mozgu povezani?
Studija Centra Champalimaud u Portugalu, objavljena u znanstvenom časopisu Nature, predstavlja potencijalno objašnjenje, piše RAI.
- Životinje u prirodi koriste mirise za prostornu navigaciju i pamćenje: omogućuju im da pronađu vrijedne resurse kao što je hrana, objašnjava Cindy Poo, voditeljica studije.
- Željeli smo razumjeti neuralnu osnovu tih ponašanja, pa smo odlučili proučiti kako mozak kombinira mirisne i prostorne informacije, dodaje.
- Mirisni sustav jedinstven je među osjetilima, kaže Zachary Mainen, viši autor studije i dodaje: To je jedini osjećaj, zapravo, imati "izravne recipročne veze s hipokampalnim sustavom, koji je uključen u memoriju i navigaciju".
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Hipokampalni neuroni poznati su po funkcioniranju kao "stanice mjesta": svaka postaje aktivna na određenom mjestu unutar okruženja i zajedno mogu kodirati cijelo područje, stvarajući neuronsku kartu prostora.
Kako bi testirali ovu ideju, istraživači su razvili lov na blago prilagođen miševima, životinjama s visoko razvijenim mirisom. Glodavci su "morali naučiti i zapamtiti točne asocijacije mirisa i mjesta" kako bi pronašli nagradu, objašnjava Cindy Poo. "Rezultati su nadmašili naša očekivanja".
Istraživači su otkrili veliku populaciju neurona od kojih svaki postaje aktivan na određenom mjestu u labirintu. Karta uma koju su stvorili glodavci, zapravo, nije pokrivala cijeli okoliš na isti način: bila je prilično ograničena na zanimljive točke labirinta: gdje su životinje mirisale i primale nagrade.
- Otkrili smo da su neki neuroni reagirali na miris, drugi na lokaciju, a treći na obje vrste informacija na različitim razinama. Svi ovi različiti neuroni su pomiješani zajedno i vjerojatno su međusobno povezani. Stoga se može pretpostaviti da se aktiviranjem mirisnih svemirskih asocijacija može odvijati kroz aktivnosti unutar ove mreže, objašnjava Cindy Poo. Tako dolazimo do stvaranja uspomena koje povezuju određene mirise s određenim mjestima, piše RAI.
- Ova studija također otvara novi prozor za razumijevanje kako se osjetila koriste za navigaciju i pamćenje, dodaje Zachary Mainen.
- Ljudi se više oslanjaju na vizualne znamenitosti nego na mirise, ali načela o tome kako se sjećamo gdje smo bili (memorija) i kako dolazimo do mjesta na koje idemo (navigacija) vjerojatno će biti vrlo slična, zaključuje.
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18. svibanj 2024 14:10
