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Prije 40 godina Bobby Sands bio je prvi od desetorice irskih republikanaca štrajkaša glađu koji je umro pošto je odbijao hranu 66 dana. "Mučenik" jednima, "terorist" IRA-e drugima. 

Sandsova sporo umiranje i smrt 5. svibnja 1981. bila je prekretnica u gorkom 30-godišnjem sukobu zbog britanske vlasti u Sjevernoj Irskoj.

Nasilje je počelo 1968. kad je policija napala mirne prosvjede za ljudska prava u Derryju, sjevernoirskom gradu s velikom katoličkom većinom.

Privremena Irska republikanska vojska (IRA) nastala je 1970. i počela gerilski rat s britanskom vojskom i lojalističkim paravojnim snagama većinskog protestantskog stanovništva, koji su željeli zadržati Ulster, kako ga zovu, britanskim.

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Maud Dupuy/AFP
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Pobuna u zatvoru

Republikanski zatvorenici u zatvoru Maze južno od Belfasta odbijali su nositi zatvorske uniforme nakon što im je 1976. godine ukinut status političkih zatvorenika. 

Umjesto toga, umatali su se u pokrivače. To je eskaliralo u "prljavi prosvjed" dvije godine kasnije, kada su odbijali prati se i brijati i počeli mazali zidove svojih ćelija izmetom.

Budući da je britanska premijerka Margaret Thatcher odbila popustiti, Sands je 1. ožujka 1981. počeo, kako je rekao, "štrajk glađu do smrti". 

Sands, zapovjednik 450 zatvorenika Privremene IRA-e u najstrože čuvanom bloku H zatvora Maze, tada je bio 26-godišnjak. 
Priključio se IRA-i u dobi od 18 godina, nakon što mu je obitelj bila prisiljena napustiti svoj dom na protestantskom području.
Proveo je veći dio sljedećeg desetljeća iza rešetaka nakon što je dvaput uhićen s vatrenim oružjem.

U nekim razdobljima pjesnik i tekstopisac, Sands se smatrao borcem za slobodu. Thatcher je ustrajala na tome da su on i njegovi drugovi obični zločinci. 

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Sands je 9. travnja izabran za zastupnika u britanskome parlamentu u Londonu, tijesno porazivši bivšega čelnika glavne probritanske unionističke stranke u Sjevernoj Irskoj.

Bilo je to prvi put da je Privremena IRA sudjelovala u izbornoj politici, a pobjeda je uvjerila neke republikanske aktiviste da mogu pobijediti i tako.

Do 54. dana štrajka glađu, "Sands nije imao više od 44 kilograma", objavio je AFP u to vrijeme.

"Pod tijelo mu je stavljena podloga od ovčje kože, kako mu kosti ne bi probijale njegovu. Umotan je u meku odjeću da zadrži tjelesnu toplinu", opisala je agencija.

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image
Maud Dupuy/AFP
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Neuspjeh posrednika

Posljednje dane Bobbyja Sandsa obilježili su očajnički pokušaji posredovanja između zatvorenika i Londona, uključujući Papu i europsko povjerenstvo za ljudska prava. Ali Thatcher je odbijala bilo kakav kompromis.

Gubeći svaku nadu, osobni izaslanik Ivana Pavla II. dao je Sandsu papino raspelo. 

Dana 5. svibnja, tada gluh i slijep, Sands je umro u zatvorskoj bolnici.

Thatcher je ostala nepokolebana, a njezin stav podupirala je većina zastupnika u Westminsteru.

Kad je sama "Željezna lady" umrla 2013. godine, grafiti na republikanskom zapadu Belfasta poručili su joj da "trune u miru".
Sandsov sprovod 7. svibnja bio je ogroman prikaz snage republikanskog pokreta. Sedamdeset tisuća ljudi slijedilo je lijes do groblja Milltown u zapadnom Belfastu.

Još devet republikanskih zatvorenika umrlo je nakon Sandsa, sve dok štrajk glađu nije obustavljen 9. listopada pod pritiskom obitelji štrajkaša.

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Premda su republikanci u prvo vrijeme udvostručili svoje nasilje i više napadali kontinentalnu Britaniju, kasnije su prihvatili ustavnu politiku nakon što su 1998. potpisali Sporazum na Veliki petak.

IRA se službeno odrekla nasilja u srpnju 2005. godine.

Njihovo političko krilo Sinn Fein sada dijeli vlast s unionistima s obje zajednice koje su približno jednakog broja.

U trideset godina sjevernoirskoga sukoba ('Troubles') umrlo je više od 3500 ljudi.

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Prije 40 godina Bobby Sands bio je prvi od desetorice irskih republikanaca štrajkaša glađu koji je umro pošto je odbijao hranu 66 dana. "Mučenik" jednima, "terorist" IRA-e drugima. 

Sandsova sporo umiranje i smrt 5. svibnja 1981. bila je prekretnica u gorkom 30-godišnjem sukobu zbog britanske vlasti u Sjevernoj Irskoj.

Nasilje je počelo 1968. kad je policija napala mirne prosvjede za ljudska prava u Derryju, sjevernoirskom gradu s velikom katoličkom većinom.

Privremena Irska republikanska vojska (IRA) nastala je 1970. i počela gerilski rat s britanskom vojskom i lojalističkim paravojnim snagama većinskog protestantskog stanovništva, koji su željeli zadržati Ulster, kako ga zovu, britanskim.

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Maud Dupuy/AFP
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Pobuna u zatvoru

Republikanski zatvorenici u zatvoru Maze južno od Belfasta odbijali su nositi zatvorske uniforme nakon što im je 1976. godine ukinut status političkih zatvorenika. 

Umjesto toga, umatali su se u pokrivače. To je eskaliralo u "prljavi prosvjed" dvije godine kasnije, kada su odbijali prati se i brijati i počeli mazali zidove svojih ćelija izmetom.

Budući da je britanska premijerka Margaret Thatcher odbila popustiti, Sands je 1. ožujka 1981. počeo, kako je rekao, "štrajk glađu do smrti". 

Sands, zapovjednik 450 zatvorenika Privremene IRA-e u najstrože čuvanom bloku H zatvora Maze, tada je bio 26-godišnjak. 
Priključio se IRA-i u dobi od 18 godina, nakon što mu je obitelj bila prisiljena napustiti svoj dom na protestantskom području.
Proveo je veći dio sljedećeg desetljeća iza rešetaka nakon što je dvaput uhićen s vatrenim oružjem.

U nekim razdobljima pjesnik i tekstopisac, Sands se smatrao borcem za slobodu. Thatcher je ustrajala na tome da su on i njegovi drugovi obični zločinci. 

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Sands je 9. travnja izabran za zastupnika u britanskome parlamentu u Londonu, tijesno porazivši bivšega čelnika glavne probritanske unionističke stranke u Sjevernoj Irskoj.

Bilo je to prvi put da je Privremena IRA sudjelovala u izbornoj politici, a pobjeda je uvjerila neke republikanske aktiviste da mogu pobijediti i tako.

Do 54. dana štrajka glađu, "Sands nije imao više od 44 kilograma", objavio je AFP u to vrijeme.

"Pod tijelo mu je stavljena podloga od ovčje kože, kako mu kosti ne bi probijale njegovu. Umotan je u meku odjeću da zadrži tjelesnu toplinu", opisala je agencija.

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Maud Dupuy/AFP
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Neuspjeh posrednika

Posljednje dane Bobbyja Sandsa obilježili su očajnički pokušaji posredovanja između zatvorenika i Londona, uključujući Papu i europsko povjerenstvo za ljudska prava. Ali Thatcher je odbijala bilo kakav kompromis.

Gubeći svaku nadu, osobni izaslanik Ivana Pavla II. dao je Sandsu papino raspelo. 

Dana 5. svibnja, tada gluh i slijep, Sands je umro u zatvorskoj bolnici.

Thatcher je ostala nepokolebana, a njezin stav podupirala je većina zastupnika u Westminsteru.

Kad je sama "Željezna lady" umrla 2013. godine, grafiti na republikanskom zapadu Belfasta poručili su joj da "trune u miru".
Sandsov sprovod 7. svibnja bio je ogroman prikaz snage republikanskog pokreta. Sedamdeset tisuća ljudi slijedilo je lijes do groblja Milltown u zapadnom Belfastu.

Još devet republikanskih zatvorenika umrlo je nakon Sandsa, sve dok štrajk glađu nije obustavljen 9. listopada pod pritiskom obitelji štrajkaša.

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Premda su republikanci u prvo vrijeme udvostručili svoje nasilje i više napadali kontinentalnu Britaniju, kasnije su prihvatili ustavnu politiku nakon što su 1998. potpisali Sporazum na Veliki petak.

IRA se službeno odrekla nasilja u srpnju 2005. godine.

Njihovo političko krilo Sinn Fein sada dijeli vlast s unionistima s obje zajednice koje su približno jednakog broja.

U trideset godina sjevernoirskoga sukoba ('Troubles') umrlo je više od 3500 ljudi.

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Bill Ward/AFP Maud Dupuy/AFP Maud Dupuy/AFP
Bill Ward/AFP
Bobby Sands Nationalist Mural
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SvijetPobuna u zatvoru

Štrajkaš glađu koji je promijenio tijek povijesti: prije točno 40 godina u zatvoru je preminuo Bobby Sands, ‘mučenik‘ jednima, ‘terorist IRA-e‘ drugima

Piše Hina
5. svibnja 2021. - 12:16
Bobby Sands Nationalist Mural
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Bobby Sands Nationalist MuralBill Ward/AFP

Prije 40 godina Bobby Sands bio je prvi od desetorice irskih republikanaca štrajkaša glađu koji je umro pošto je odbijao hranu 66 dana. "Mučenik" jednima, "terorist" IRA-e drugima. 

Sandsova sporo umiranje i smrt 5. svibnja 1981. bila je prekretnica u gorkom 30-godišnjem sukobu zbog britanske vlasti u Sjevernoj Irskoj.

Nasilje je počelo 1968. kad je policija napala mirne prosvjede za ljudska prava u Derryju, sjevernoirskom gradu s velikom katoličkom većinom.

Privremena Irska republikanska vojska (IRA) nastala je 1970. i počela gerilski rat s britanskom vojskom i lojalističkim paravojnim snagama većinskog protestantskog stanovništva, koji su željeli zadržati Ulster, kako ga zovu, britanskim.

Pobuna u zatvoru

Republikanski zatvorenici u zatv...

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16. svibanj 2024 04:06