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Cijelo vrijeme na radiju, televiziji slušate, a na portalima čitate o cikloni i antickloni. A mnogi od vas se i pitaju što to točno znači.
Ukratko, područja niskog tlaka zraka nazivaju se ciklonama. U ciklonama zrak na sjevernoj polutci kreće se obrnuto od smjera kazaljke na satu. Ciklona donosi nestabilno, promjenjivo i kišovito vrijeme.
Područja visokog tlaka zraka nazivaju se anticiklonama. U anticiklonama zrak na sjevernoj polutci kreće se u smjeru kazaljke na satu. Anticiklona donosi stabilno i vedro vrijeme.
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Želite saznati opsežnije o ta dva fenomena?
Evo objašnjenja Hrvatske enciklopedije leksikografskog zavoda Miroslav Krleža.
CIKLONA:
Ciklona (engl. cyclone, prema grč. ϰύϰλος: krug), područje atmosfere u kojemu je tlak relativno snižen, zrak vrtložno struji ponekad i kroz cijelu troposferu, u izvantropskim geografskim širinama može biti promjera od 500 do više tisuća kilometara.
Na sinoptičkim kartama područje ciklone ograničeno je s više zatvorenih izobara; vjetrovi u cikloni pušu na sjevernoj polutki Zemlje u smjeru suprotnom od gibanja kazaljke na satu, a na južnoj polutki u smjeru gibanja kazaljke na satu (ciklonalna cirkulacija). Zbog toga što je strujanje zraka u cikloni redovito povezano s minimumom u razdiobi tlaka na morskoj razini (barometarski ili barički minimum), katkada se područje sniženog tlaka zraka naziva i depresija.
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Nastanak ciklone danas se najčešće tumači teorijom polarne fronte, koju su Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes, Tor Harold Percival Bergeron i norveški meteorolog Halvor Solberg (1895–1974). Uzduž crte gdje se dodiruju hladniji zrak iz polarnih predjela i topli zrak iz geografskih širina bližih ekvatoru, kao i ondje gdje postoje dovoljno izražene temperaturne razlike (polarna fronta), može nastati poremećaj koji se očituje prodorom hladne zračne mase u jednom a toplije u suprotnom smjeru, pa frontalna linija poprima izgled malog vala.
Ako u atmosferi postoje povoljni uvjeti, mali val na fronti s vremenom se povećava, granice pak različitih zračnih masa, koje prodiru prema jugu odnosno sjeveru, poprimaju značajke atmosferskih fronta, na kojima se zrak uzdiže, pritom se vodena para kondenzira i nastaju oblaci iz kojih padaju oborine. Taj je proces popraćen padom tlaka na širem području, a središte najnižega područja tlaka zraka ciklone je na vrhu područja toplog zraka (tzv. topli sektor ciklone), koji je omeđen toplom i hladnom frontom. Taj stadij razvoja ciklone se naziva mladom ciklonom. U daljnjem razvoju ciklone hladni se zrak općenito brže giba od toploga, pa hladna fronta sustiže toplu i topli sektor postupno nestaje, a pri tlu postoji samo hladniji zrak. Taj stadij razvoja ciklone se naziva okluzija, a fronta nastala spajanjem tople i hladne fronte okludirana fronta. Tlak zraka počinje posvuda rasti pa se kaže da se ciklona popunjava, a njezino kretanje sve više usporava i na kraju ciklona iščezne. Ciklone obično traju pet do sedam dana, ali mogu trajati i dulje. Na atmosferskim frontama koje se pomiču zajedno s ciklonom pojavljuju se sve značajne vremenske promjene: mijenja se naoblaka, vjetar, tlak i temperatura zraka, padaju oborine i pojavljuju grmljavine.
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Najizrazitiji je razvoj ciklone nad oceanima umjerenih širina: nad kopnom se zbog utjecaja reljefa ne mogu očitovati pojedine faze razvoja ciklone. Akcijski centri su područja osobito pogodna za nastanak ciklona. Ciklone se najčešće kreću od zapada prema istoku brzinom od 30 do 40 km/h, no brzine im mogu katkada biti i mnogo veće, osobito u prvoj fazi razvoja (80 do 100 km/h). Ciklone su važne za mehanizam opće cirkulacije atmosfere, jer se s pomoću njih obavlja razmjena zračnih masa u umjerenom pojasu između viših i nižih geografskih širina, pa se smatraju jednim od glavnih klimatskih karakteristika umjerenoga pojasa.
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ANTICKLONA:
Područje atmosfere u kojem je atmosferski tlak veći nego u okolini i zrak vrtložno struji. Ako se na sinoptičkoj karti raspored tlaka zraka na nekoj visini prikaže s pomoću izobara, tj. linija jednakoga tlaka zraka, tada se anticiklona prikazuje zatvorenim kružnim ili eliptičnim izobarama u kojima se nalazi maksimum tlaka zraka (barometarski maksimum). U anticikloni na sjevernoj Zemljinoj polutki zrak struji u smjeru gibanja kazaljke na satu, na južnoj polutki u obrnutom smjeru i udaljuje se od središta prema rubovima anticiklone.
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Zbog toga se u visinama zrak spušta pa u anticiklonalnim područjima pretežno prevladava lijepo i stabilno, najčešće suho vrijeme s malo oblaka. Osobito zimi, međutim, u donjim slojevima zraka se u anticikloni pojavljuju niski oblaci ili magla, a često se događa temperaturna inverzija, tj. gorja u unutrašnjosti imaju sunčano i toplije vrijeme nego nizine. Sibirska anticiklona zimi u naše krajeve donosi hladno, vedro i suho vrijeme, na Jadranu buru, a azorska anticiklona ljeti donosi postojano, toplo i suho vrijeme.
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title=Što je anticklona, a što ciklona? Koja donosi loše, a koja dobro vrijeme u Dalmaciju? Evo detaljnih objašnjenja
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Cijelo vrijeme na radiju, televiziji slušate, a na portalima čitate o cikloni i antickloni. A mnogi od vas se i pitaju što to točno znači.
Ukratko, područja niskog tlaka zraka nazivaju se ciklonama. U ciklonama zrak na sjevernoj polutci kreće se obrnuto od smjera kazaljke na satu. Ciklona donosi nestabilno, promjenjivo i kišovito vrijeme.
Područja visokog tlaka zraka nazivaju se anticiklonama. U anticiklonama zrak na sjevernoj polutci kreće se u smjeru kazaljke na satu. Anticiklona donosi stabilno i vedro vrijeme.
---
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Želite saznati opsežnije o ta dva fenomena?
Evo objašnjenja Hrvatske enciklopedije leksikografskog zavoda Miroslav Krleža.
CIKLONA:
Ciklona (engl. cyclone, prema grč. ϰύϰλος: krug), područje atmosfere u kojemu je tlak relativno snižen, zrak vrtložno struji ponekad i kroz cijelu troposferu, u izvantropskim geografskim širinama može biti promjera od 500 do više tisuća kilometara.
Na sinoptičkim kartama područje ciklone ograničeno je s više zatvorenih izobara; vjetrovi u cikloni pušu na sjevernoj polutki Zemlje u smjeru suprotnom od gibanja kazaljke na satu, a na južnoj polutki u smjeru gibanja kazaljke na satu (ciklonalna cirkulacija). Zbog toga što je strujanje zraka u cikloni redovito povezano s minimumom u razdiobi tlaka na morskoj razini (barometarski ili barički minimum), katkada se područje sniženog tlaka zraka naziva i depresija.
---
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Nastanak ciklone danas se najčešće tumači teorijom polarne fronte, koju su Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes, Tor Harold Percival Bergeron i norveški meteorolog Halvor Solberg (1895–1974). Uzduž crte gdje se dodiruju hladniji zrak iz polarnih predjela i topli zrak iz geografskih širina bližih ekvatoru, kao i ondje gdje postoje dovoljno izražene temperaturne razlike (polarna fronta), može nastati poremećaj koji se očituje prodorom hladne zračne mase u jednom a toplije u suprotnom smjeru, pa frontalna linija poprima izgled malog vala.
Ako u atmosferi postoje povoljni uvjeti, mali val na fronti s vremenom se povećava, granice pak različitih zračnih masa, koje prodiru prema jugu odnosno sjeveru, poprimaju značajke atmosferskih fronta, na kojima se zrak uzdiže, pritom se vodena para kondenzira i nastaju oblaci iz kojih padaju oborine. Taj je proces popraćen padom tlaka na širem području, a središte najnižega područja tlaka zraka ciklone je na vrhu područja toplog zraka (tzv. topli sektor ciklone), koji je omeđen toplom i hladnom frontom. Taj stadij razvoja ciklone se naziva mladom ciklonom. U daljnjem razvoju ciklone hladni se zrak općenito brže giba od toploga, pa hladna fronta sustiže toplu i topli sektor postupno nestaje, a pri tlu postoji samo hladniji zrak. Taj stadij razvoja ciklone se naziva okluzija, a fronta nastala spajanjem tople i hladne fronte okludirana fronta. Tlak zraka počinje posvuda rasti pa se kaže da se ciklona popunjava, a njezino kretanje sve više usporava i na kraju ciklona iščezne. Ciklone obično traju pet do sedam dana, ali mogu trajati i dulje. Na atmosferskim frontama koje se pomiču zajedno s ciklonom pojavljuju se sve značajne vremenske promjene: mijenja se naoblaka, vjetar, tlak i temperatura zraka, padaju oborine i pojavljuju grmljavine.
---
---
Najizrazitiji je razvoj ciklone nad oceanima umjerenih širina: nad kopnom se zbog utjecaja reljefa ne mogu očitovati pojedine faze razvoja ciklone. Akcijski centri su područja osobito pogodna za nastanak ciklona. Ciklone se najčešće kreću od zapada prema istoku brzinom od 30 do 40 km/h, no brzine im mogu katkada biti i mnogo veće, osobito u prvoj fazi razvoja (80 do 100 km/h). Ciklone su važne za mehanizam opće cirkulacije atmosfere, jer se s pomoću njih obavlja razmjena zračnih masa u umjerenom pojasu između viših i nižih geografskih širina, pa se smatraju jednim od glavnih klimatskih karakteristika umjerenoga pojasa.
---
---
ANTICKLONA:
Područje atmosfere u kojem je atmosferski tlak veći nego u okolini i zrak vrtložno struji. Ako se na sinoptičkoj karti raspored tlaka zraka na nekoj visini prikaže s pomoću izobara, tj. linija jednakoga tlaka zraka, tada se anticiklona prikazuje zatvorenim kružnim ili eliptičnim izobarama u kojima se nalazi maksimum tlaka zraka (barometarski maksimum). U anticikloni na sjevernoj Zemljinoj polutki zrak struji u smjeru gibanja kazaljke na satu, na južnoj polutki u obrnutom smjeru i udaljuje se od središta prema rubovima anticiklone.
---
---
Zbog toga se u visinama zrak spušta pa u anticiklonalnim područjima pretežno prevladava lijepo i stabilno, najčešće suho vrijeme s malo oblaka. Osobito zimi, međutim, u donjim slojevima zraka se u anticikloni pojavljuju niski oblaci ili magla, a često se događa temperaturna inverzija, tj. gorja u unutrašnjosti imaju sunčano i toplije vrijeme nego nizine. Sibirska anticiklona zimi u naše krajeve donosi hladno, vedro i suho vrijeme, na Jadranu buru, a azorska anticiklona ljeti donosi postojano, toplo i suho vrijeme.
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[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 7
[alias] => promo
)
[8] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 67
[name] => Contains video
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 9
[alias] => contains_video
)
[9] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 68
[name] => Premium content
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 10
[alias] => premium_content
)
[10] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 69
[name] => Exclude comments
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 11
[alias] => exclude_comments
)
[11] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 70
[name] => Open link in new window
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 12
[alias] => open_link_in_new_window
)
[12] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 71
[name] => Horizontal crop of the main photo
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 13
[alias] => horizontal_crop_of_the_main_photo
)
[13] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 73
[name] => No-index
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 15
[alias] => no_index
)
[14] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 74
[name] => No-cache
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 16
[alias] => no_cache
)
[15] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 77
[name] => Don't show on the front page
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 17
[alias] => dont_show_on_the_front_page
)
[16] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 78
[name] => Related on bottom
[value] => ON
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 18
[alias] => related_on_bottom
)
[17] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 79
[name] => Live button
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 19
[alias] => live_button
)
[26] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 87
[name] => Instant articles
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 28
[alias] => instant_articles
)
[27] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 91
[name] => S preporučuje
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 29
[alias] => s_preporucuje
)
[28] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 92
[name] => S voli
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 30
[alias] => s_voli
)
[29] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 93
[name] => Layout with three photos
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 31
[alias] => layout_with_three_photos
)
[30] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 94
[name] => Gallery in the article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 32
[alias] => gallery_in_the_article
)
[31] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 95
[name] => Required views
[value] => 0
[type] => textfield
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 33
[alias] => required_views
)
[32] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 96
[name] => FullHD image
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 34
[alias] => fullhd_image
)
[33] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 97
[name] => City Select
[value] => (0)
[type] => select
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 35
[alias] => CitySelect
)
[34] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 98
[name] => Paid Article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 36
[alias] => paid_article
)
[35] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 99
[name] => SD na licu mjesta
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 37
[alias] => SD_na_licu_mjesta
)
)
13. svibanj 2024 01:50
