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[title] => Hrvatska je gotovo na samom dnu: ‘Znate li koliko vam je radnika u najboljim godinama napustilo državu?‘
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Christian Kopf, glavni direktor njemačke tvrtke Union Investment Privatfonds, nedavno je pokušao zaposliti pomoćnika i raspisao je natječaj koji je uključivao nužne uvjete, među kojima je bilo i dobro poznavanje engleskog jezika. Na natječaj se u Njemačkoj nitko nije javio. Na kraju je bio primoran zaposliti Ruskinju koja je zbog Putinova režima napustila zemlju. No, problem je bio što nije znala engleski.
"Riješili smo to tako što smo počeli koristiti DeepL, znatno bolju verziju Google prevoditelja. Primjerice, svaki dokument može otvoriti u barem dvadesetak jezika, a njihov broj stalno se povećava", kazao je Kopf na panelu Dubrovačke ekonomske konferencije koji se pozabavio trenutačnim uvjetima na tržištu radu.
Sve više imigranata
Glavne karakteristike tržišta rada, slažu se ekonomisti, su niska zaposlenost, velika potražnja za radnom snagom i iznimno visoka upražnjenost radnih mjesta. Stoga nositelji politike nemaju mnogo izbora: problem mogu rješavati znatno većim korištenjem tehnologije ili uvozom radnika.
"Fokus treba biti na povećanju produktivnosti, a ne zaposlenosti", smatra Kopf. Kako se moglo čuti na panelu, to je moguće na različite načine, pa i upošljavanjem prevoditeljskih aplikacija. U Europskoj središnjoj banci, primjerice, trenutačno radi oko 200 prevoditelja. Kada bi koristila DeepL, "bio bi potreban znatno manji broj prevoditelja".
No, tehnologija ne može riješiti potrebe u radno intenzivnim uslužnim djelatnostima, osobito u turističkoj industriji. Otvaranje gospodarstva nakon pandemije i snažan rast zapošljavanja u uslugama neki su od najvažnijih razloga zašto je tržište rada tako snažno i otporno. Da bi odgovorile na taj izazov, mnoge zemlje, među kojima je i Hrvatska, povećale su uvoz radne snage. Tako su u svega nekoliko godina strani radnici u Hrvatskoj dosegli udjel od čak pet posto.
S povećanim rastom imigranata, naravno, raste i izazov kako ih integrirati u društvo da bi se tim trendom upravljalo i od njega imalo koristi. Dok se mogu čuti razmišljanja kako će u bliskoj budućnosti strani radnici nametnuti brojne probleme o kojima se ni ne razmišlja, ekonomisti vide i rješenja.
Govoreći o slučaju Hrvatske, glavni ekonomist HNB-a Vedran Šošić smatra da treba naći način da se zaštite prava stranih radnika, o čemu je javnost putem medija već senzibilizirana. "Vjerujem da će se zemlja s vremenom prilagoditi, da će se stvari spontano pomjerati", kazao je.
Ističući važnost pluralizma i tolerancije za ekonomski rast, ekonomski povjesničar Joel Mokyr sa Sveučilišta Northwestern smatra ključnim omogućiti da imigranti budu jednaki pred zakonom, da imaju pristup institucijama i uslugama kao što su zapošljavanje i obrazovanje. Jedino na taj način Europa može riješiti pitanje migracija i manjka radne snage. Zemlja koja trenutačno pokazuje najviše otpora i neprijateljski je raspoložena prema imigrantima, Mađarska, "zato plaća cijenu".
Veliki manjak
Odlazak ljudi iz srednje i istočne u zapadnu Europu značajno je pridonio tome da mnoge zemlje sada imaju manjak radne snage.
Tako Kopf navodi kako je u prosjeku 11 zemalja napustilo 11 posto aktivne populacije u dobi od 20 do 64 godine.
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Christian Kopf, glavni direktor njemačke tvrtke Union Investment Privatfonds, nedavno je pokušao zaposliti pomoćnika i raspisao je natječaj koji je uključivao nužne uvjete, među kojima je bilo i dobro poznavanje engleskog jezika. Na natječaj se u Njemačkoj nitko nije javio. Na kraju je bio primoran zaposliti Ruskinju koja je zbog Putinova režima napustila zemlju. No, problem je bio što nije znala engleski.
"Riješili smo to tako što smo počeli koristiti DeepL, znatno bolju verziju Google prevoditelja. Primjerice, svaki dokument može otvoriti u barem dvadesetak jezika, a njihov broj stalno se povećava", kazao je Kopf na panelu Dubrovačke ekonomske konferencije koji se pozabavio trenutačnim uvjetima na tržištu radu.
Sve više imigranata
Glavne karakteristike tržišta rada, slažu se ekonomisti, su niska zaposlenost, velika potražnja za radnom snagom i iznimno visoka upražnjenost radnih mjesta. Stoga nositelji politike nemaju mnogo izbora: problem mogu rješavati znatno većim korištenjem tehnologije ili uvozom radnika.
"Fokus treba biti na povećanju produktivnosti, a ne zaposlenosti", smatra Kopf. Kako se moglo čuti na panelu, to je moguće na različite načine, pa i upošljavanjem prevoditeljskih aplikacija. U Europskoj središnjoj banci, primjerice, trenutačno radi oko 200 prevoditelja. Kada bi koristila DeepL, "bio bi potreban znatno manji broj prevoditelja".
No, tehnologija ne može riješiti potrebe u radno intenzivnim uslužnim djelatnostima, osobito u turističkoj industriji. Otvaranje gospodarstva nakon pandemije i snažan rast zapošljavanja u uslugama neki su od najvažnijih razloga zašto je tržište rada tako snažno i otporno. Da bi odgovorile na taj izazov, mnoge zemlje, među kojima je i Hrvatska, povećale su uvoz radne snage. Tako su u svega nekoliko godina strani radnici u Hrvatskoj dosegli udjel od čak pet posto.
S povećanim rastom imigranata, naravno, raste i izazov kako ih integrirati u društvo da bi se tim trendom upravljalo i od njega imalo koristi. Dok se mogu čuti razmišljanja kako će u bliskoj budućnosti strani radnici nametnuti brojne probleme o kojima se ni ne razmišlja, ekonomisti vide i rješenja.
Govoreći o slučaju Hrvatske, glavni ekonomist HNB-a Vedran Šošić smatra da treba naći način da se zaštite prava stranih radnika, o čemu je javnost putem medija već senzibilizirana. "Vjerujem da će se zemlja s vremenom prilagoditi, da će se stvari spontano pomjerati", kazao je.
Ističući važnost pluralizma i tolerancije za ekonomski rast, ekonomski povjesničar Joel Mokyr sa Sveučilišta Northwestern smatra ključnim omogućiti da imigranti budu jednaki pred zakonom, da imaju pristup institucijama i uslugama kao što su zapošljavanje i obrazovanje. Jedino na taj način Europa može riješiti pitanje migracija i manjka radne snage. Zemlja koja trenutačno pokazuje najviše otpora i neprijateljski je raspoložena prema imigrantima, Mađarska, "zato plaća cijenu".
Veliki manjak
Odlazak ljudi iz srednje i istočne u zapadnu Europu značajno je pridonio tome da mnoge zemlje sada imaju manjak radne snage.
Tako Kopf navodi kako je u prosjeku 11 zemalja napustilo 11 posto aktivne populacije u dobi od 20 do 64 godine.
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12. svibanj 2024 04:55
